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Hacking and computer security. Read today's research news on hacking and protecting against codebreakers. New software, secure data sharing, and more.
Updated: 4 hours 46 min ago

Innovations in depth from focus/defocus pave the way to more capable computer vision systems

Fri, 02/09/2024 - 10:44am
In an image, estimating the distance between objects and the camera by using the blur in the images as clue, also known as depth from focus/defocus, is essential in computer vision. However, model-based methods fail when texture-less surfaces are present, and learning-based methods require the same camera settings during training and testing. Now, researchers have come up with an innovative strategy for depth estimation that combines the best of both the worlds to solve these limitations, extending the applicability of depth from focus/defocus.
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New AI tool discovers realistic 'metamaterials' with unusual properties

Fri, 02/09/2024 - 10:44am
A coating that can hide objects in plain sight, or an implant that behaves exactly like bone tissue: These extraordinary objects are already made from 'metamaterials'. Researchers have now developed an AI tool that not only can discover such extraordinary materials but also makes them fabrication-ready and durable. This makes it possible to create devices with unprecedented functionalities.
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Researchers show classical computers can keep up with, and surpass, their quantum counterparts

Fri, 02/09/2024 - 10:44am
A team of scientists has devised means for classical computing to mimic a quantum computing with far fewer resources than previously thought. The scientists' results show that classical computing can be reconfigured to perform faster and more accurate calculations than state-of-the-art quantum computers.
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Making AI a partner in neuroscientific discovery

Fri, 02/09/2024 - 10:43am
The past year has seen major advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT. The ability of these models to interpret and produce human text sources (and other sequence data) has implications for people in many areas of human activity. A new perspective paper argues that like many professionals, neuroscientists can either benefit from partnering with these powerful tools or risk being left behind.
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Technique could improve the sensitivity of quantum sensing devices

Thu, 02/08/2024 - 3:23pm
A new technique can control a larger number of microscopic defects in a diamond. These defects can be used as qubits for quantum sensing applications, and being able to control a greater number of qubits would improve the sensitivity of such devices.
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Combining materials may support unique superconductivity for quantum computing

Thu, 02/08/2024 - 11:22am
A new fusion of materials, each with special electrical properties, has all the components required for a unique type of superconductivity that could provide the basis for more robust quantum computing.
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AI model as diabetes early warning system when driving

Thu, 02/08/2024 - 9:20am
Based solely on driving behavior and head/gaze motion, the newly developed tool recognizes low blood sugar levels.
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A new 'metal swap' method for creating lateral heterostructures of 2D materials

Thu, 02/08/2024 - 9:20am
Heterostructures of two-dimensional materials have unique properties. Among them, lateral heterostructures, which can be used to make electronic devices, are challenging to synthesize. To address this, researchers used a new transmetallation technique to fabricate heterostructures with in-plane heterojunctions using Zn3BHT coordination nanosheet. This simple and powerful method enables the fabrication of ultrathin electronic devices for ultralarge-scale integrated circuits, marking a significant step forward for 2D materials research.
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Scientists code ChatGPT to design new medicine

Wed, 02/07/2024 - 4:51pm
Inspired by ChatGPT's popularity and wondering if this approach could speed up the drug design process, scientists decided to create their own genAI model. Scientists coded a model to learn a massive dataset of known chemicals, how they bind to target proteins, and the rules and syntax of chemical structure and properties writ large. The end result can generate countless unique molecular structures that follow essential chemical and biological constraints and effectively bind to their targets -- promising to vastly accelerate the process of identifying viable drug candidates for a wide range of diseases, at a fraction of the cost.
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How teachers make ethical judgments when using AI in the classroom

Wed, 02/07/2024 - 9:05am
A teacher's gender and comfort with technology factor into whether artificial intelligence is adopted in the classroom, as shown in a new report.
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A machine learning framework that encodes images like a retina

Wed, 02/07/2024 - 9:04am
Researchers have developed a machine learning approach to compressing image data with greater accuracy than learning-free computation methods, with applications for retinal implants and other sensory prostheses.
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Could artificial intelligence help or hurt scientific research articles?

Tue, 02/06/2024 - 11:49am
Since its introduction to the public in 2022, ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence system, has substantially grown in use, creating written stories, graphics, art and more with just a short prompt from the user. But when it comes to scientific, peer-reviewed research, could the tool be useful?
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Doctors have more difficulty diagnosing disease when looking at images of darker skin

Tue, 02/06/2024 - 11:49am
Doctors do not perform as well diagnosing skin diseases when the patient has darker skin, according to a new study. The researchers found assistance from artificial intelligence could improve doctors' accuracy, but those improvements were greater in patients with lighter skin.
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One person can supervise 'swarm' of 100 unmanned autonomous vehicles

Mon, 02/05/2024 - 1:59pm
Research involving has shown that a 'swarm' of more than 100 autonomous ground and aerial robots can be supervised by one person without subjecting the individual to an undue workload.
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Computer-engineered DNA to study cell identities

Mon, 02/05/2024 - 1:59pm
A new computer program allows scientists to design synthetic DNA segments that indicate, in real time, the state of cells. It will be used to screen for anti-cancer or viral infections drugs, or to improve gene and cell-based immunotherapies.
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Direct view of tantalum oxidation that impedes qubit coherence

Mon, 02/05/2024 - 1:58pm
Scientists have used a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and computational modeling to get a closer look and deeper understanding of tantalum oxide. When this amorphous oxide layer forms on the surface of tantalum -- a superconductor that shows great promise for making the 'qubit' building blocks of a quantum computer -- it can impede the material's ability to retain quantum information. Learning how the oxide forms may offer clues as to why this happens -- and potentially point to ways to prevent quantum coherence loss.
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Magnesium protects tantalum, a promising material for making qubits

Mon, 02/05/2024 - 1:57pm
Scientists have discovered that adding a layer of magnesium improves the properties of tantalum, a superconducting material that shows great promise for building qubits, the basis of quantum computers. The scientists show that a thin layer of magnesium keeps tantalum from oxidizing, improves its purity, and raises the temperature at which it operates as a superconductor. All three may increase tantalum's ability to hold onto quantum information in qubits.
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A sleeker facial recognition technology tested on Michelangelo's David

Fri, 02/02/2024 - 10:26am
Many people are familiar with facial recognition systems that unlock smartphones and game systems or allow access to our bank accounts online. But the current technology can require boxy projectors and lenses. Now, researchers report on a sleeker 3D surface imaging system with flatter, simplified optics. In proof-of-concept demonstrations, the new system recognized the face of Michelangelo's David just as well as an existing smartphone system.
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A physical qubit with built-in error correction

Fri, 02/02/2024 - 8:51am
Researchers have succeeded in generating a logical qubit from a single light pulse that has the inherent capacity to correct errors.
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AI learns through the eyes and ears of a child

Thu, 02/01/2024 - 6:28pm
Researchers have been skeptical that recent AI advances can tell us much about human learning and development. To address this, a team training an AI model, not on massive data, but on the input that a single child receives. Their findings showed that the model could learn a substantial number of words and concepts using limited slices of what the child experienced.
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